Course Descriptions M-P

M252 /M260 Algebra 1 Part 1 / Algebra 1 Part 2
Year - 1 Elective Credit and 1 Math Credit
Prerequisite: Mathematics 8
This course provides additional time for students to master the Algebra 1 standards. Students are enrolled in this class every day for a full block, completing the equivalent of a one-year course during each school semester. Students who are successful during Algebra 1 Part 1 during the first semester will continue with Algebra 1 Part 2 during the second semester. Students can earn one elective credit for the completion of Algebra 1 Part 1 for the first semester and one math credit for the completion of Algebra 1 Part 2 for the second semester.

M260 Algebra 1
Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Mathematics 8
In Algebra 1, students use the algebraic skills developed in Math 6, 7, and 8 to represent and solve a variety of practical problems. Tables and graphs will be used to interpret algebraic expressions, equations, and inequalities, and to analyze behaviors of functions. Graphing calculators, computers, and other appropriate technology will be utilized.

M261 Algebra, Functions, and Data Analysis
Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Algebra 1
This course is designed for students who have successfully completed the standards for Algebra 1. Within the context of mathematical modeling and data analysis, students will study functions and their behavior, systems of inequalities, probability, experimental design, and analysis of data generated by applications in science, business, and finance.

M263 Geometry
Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Algebra 1
This course emphasizes coordinates, transformational geometry and measurement, theorems, and formal definitions of geometric terms. Students will work with proofs requiring applications of logic. Students will also solve numerical and algebraic problems which apply geometric concepts. Calculators, computers and graphing utilities are used.

M264 / M263 Geometry Part 1 / Geometry Part 2
Year - 1 Elective Credit and 1 Math Credit
Prerequisite: Algebra 1
This course provides additional time for the student to master the Geometry standards. Students are enrolled in this class every day for a full block, completing the equivalent of a one-year course during each school semester. Students can earn one elective credit for the completion of Geometry Part 1 and one math credit for the completion of Geometry Part 2.

M265 Algebra 2
Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Algebra 1
Algebra 2 includes the study of algebraic expressions, equations, and functions, with an emphasis on linear, absolute value, quadratic, square root, and rational forms. This course also includes polynomial, exponential, logarithmic, and other special functions. These functions serve as tools for modeling real-world situations. Statistical concepts such as regression and the normal distribution are included as well as the probability concepts of permutations and combinations. A graphing calculator is used throughout the course when appropriate.

M266 Algebra III with Trigonometry
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Algebra 2
This course is designed to be an extension of Algebra 2. Topics include a thorough study of polynomial, rational, logarithmic, exponential, and piecewise functions. Students will begin a study of trigonometry concentrating on right triangles and basic trigonometry relationships.

M268 Precalculus
Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: Algebra 2
This course is designed for students planning to go on to Calculus AP, Statistics AP or Mathematical Application IB. It is a rigorous study of advanced algebra, a comprehensive study of functions, and an extensive study of trigonometry. A graphing calculator is used at times during the course.

M269 Calculus AB AP
Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
Prerequisite: Precalculus
Calculus AB AP is an introductory college-level course that explores the concepts and applications of differential and integral calculus. Topics include functions, limits, derivatives and their applications, and integrals and their applications. A graphing calculator is used throughout the course. Students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Examination administered by the College Board and may receive college credit for satisfactory scores.

M270 Statistics AP
Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
Prerequisite: Algebra 2
Statistics AP introduces students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. Topics included support the four themes in the content: exploring data, sampling and experimentation, probability and simulation, and statistical inference. A graphing calculator is used throughout the course. Students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Examination administered by the College Board and may receive college credit for satisfactory scores.

M271 Probability & Statistics
Semester - 1/2 Credit
Prerequisite: Algebra 2
This course focuses on the basic concepts and techniques for collecting and analyzing data, drawing conclusions, and making predictions. Topics include: graphical displays of data including dotplots, histograms, stemplots, and scatterplots; measures of central tendency; experimental design on planning and conducting a survey, and methods of design; and probability including permutations and combinations. Graphing calculators and computers will be integral components of this course.

M272 Discrete Mathematics
Semester - 1/2 Credit
Prerequisite: Algebra 2
Students in this course will study mathematical properties of sets and systems that have a countable (discrete) number of elements. The main focus will be problem-solving in a discrete setting. As students solve problems they will analyze and determine whether or not a solution exists (existence problems), investigate how many solutions exist (counting problems), and focus on finding the best solutions (optimizing problems). Connection will be made to other disciplines. Graphing calculators and computers will be integral components of this course.

M273 Calculus BC AP
Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
Prerequisite: Calculus AB AP or Precalculus with teacher recommendation
Calculus BC AP is an introductory college-level course that explores the concepts and applications of differential and integral calculus. Calculus BC AP focuses on topics covered in both first- and second-semester college-level calculus classes. Topics include all topics covered in Calculus AB AP with additional topics to include: parametric, polar, and vector functions; L’Hopital’s Rule; additional techniques of integration; improper integrals; and polynomial approximations and series. A graphing calculator is used throughout the course. Students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Examination administered by the College Board and may receive college credit for satisfactory scores.

M283 Computer Science A AP*
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
This course is designed for students who are serious about programming. Programming in Java requires a good mathematical background and good problem solving skills. Topics include object-oriented program design in Java, program implementation, program analysis and debugging, use of standard data structures and algorithms, and an awareness of the ethical and social implications of computing systems. Students are encouraged to take the Advanced Placement Examination administered by the College Board and may receive college credit for satisfactory scores.

M284 Programming, Advanced
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: M286
Building on their foundation of programming skills, Advanced Programming students use object-oriented programming to develop database applications, interactive multimedia applications including game applications, mobile applications, and Web applications. Students continue to develop their employability skills as they research pathways for continuing education and careers in the information technology industry and engage in various career building activities. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Certified Entry-Level Python Programmer (PCEP) examination (9762) industry certifications.

M284INT Programming, Advanced Internship
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for M284INT will take Programming, Advanced (M284) and will have an additional block designated as Programming, Advanced Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

M285 Computer Science SL IB*
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
In this course, students develop a general understanding of computer science, including system fundamentals, computer organization, networks, computational thinking, problem-solving, and programming. This course includes an academic study of these topics as well as hands-on programming experiences with an emphasis on experimental and inquiry-based approach to problem-solving. Students will also study one additional topic chosen by the teacher from a set of options in the IB curriculum. This course can be used to meet the science (Group 4) requirement of the IB Diploma. Students will take the IB examination in May to demonstrate proficiency.

M286 Programming
Grades 9, 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students explore programming concepts, use algorithmic procedures, implement programming procedures with one or more standard languages, and master programming fundamentals. Coding is used throughout the course. Graphical user interfaces may be used as students design and develop interactive multimedia applications, including game programs. In addition, students employ modern Web programming languages to create Web  pages. Students develop their employability skills through a variety of activities. 

M287 Computer Mathematics
Grades 9, 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Corequisite: Algebra 1
This is an introductory course in computer programming using Visual Basic. Its focus is divided into major topic areas: understanding of data types; basic input and output with screen formatting; numeric operations; logic and loop control; modular style program design; graphics; and using Visual Basic components such as forms and input/output controls. Computer ideas will be introduced in the context of mathematical concepts.

M288 AP Computer Science Principles
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
Computer Science Principles AP offers a multidisciplinary approach to teaching the underlying principles of computing. The course will introduce students to the creative aspects of programming, abstractions, algorithms, large data sets, the internet, cybersecurity concerns, and the global impacts of computing. Students will pursue their interests in digital projects such as apps, films, games, or music that showcase creativity and helping the community.

M765 Algebra 2 for Advanced Math
Grades 9 and 10 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: Algebra 1
Algebra 2 for Advanced Math includes the topics taught in Algebra 2 with further exploration and application of topics. This further study may include additional assessments and projects, and explorations outside of class time. While not a requirement to enroll in Advanced Placement and/or International Baccalaureate mathematics courses in the future, this course provides students with experiences and background that will help prepare them for success in more advanced coursework. 

M804 Mathematical Application and Interpretation SL IB
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
Prerequisite: Algebra III/Trigonometry or Precalculus 
Mathematical Application and Interpretation SL focuses on ways mathematical concepts can be developed to describe our world and solve practical problems. Students focus on the applied nature of mathematics in five broad topic areas: number and algebra, functions, geometry and trigonometry, statistics and probability, and calculus. Specific concepts include modeling with functions, Voronoi diagrams, and optimization problems. The bulk of the coursework focuses on statistics and probability and how those concepts can model and make predictions about the world. 

M807 Mathematical Analysis and Approaches SL IB
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
Prerequisite: Precalculus
Mathematical Analysis and Approaches SL focuses on the development of pure and abstract mathematical ideas. Students focus on the abstract nature of mathematics in five broad topic areas: number and algebra, functions, geometry and trigonometry, statistics and probability, and calculus. Specific concepts include the binomial theorem, transformations of graphs, trigonometric functions and equations, and an introduction to statistics and probability. The bulk of the coursework will be focused on introductory calculus topics. The course is designed for students who will go on to study subjects with substantial mathematical content.

M808 Mathematical Analysis and Approaches HL-A IB
Grade 11 - Year - 1 Weighted credit (weighted out of 5.0)
(Year 1 of a Two-Year Course)
Prerequisite: Precalculus
Mathematical Analysis and Approaches HL is a two-year course including all content of Mathematical Analysis and Approaches SL. Students delve deeper into each of the five broad topic areas, most notably in the areas of number and algebra and calculus. The course is a demanding one and is designed for students who enjoy mathematical problem solving and generalization in a pure and abstract context. It is aimed at students who will go on to study subjects with substantial mathematics content such as mathematics itself, engineering, or physical sciences.

M809 Mathematical Analysis and Approaches HL-B IB
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
(Year 2 of a Two-Year Course) 
Prerequisite: M808
This course is a continuation of Mathematical Analysis and Approaches HL-A. Students continue their exploration in the five course domains. In addition, students complete an internal assessment consisting of a written work involving an individual exploration in an area of mathematics. 

M810 Computer Science HL-A IB
Grade 11 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0)
(Year 1 of a Two-Year Course)
This course begins a two-year in-depth study of computer science. Topics include system fundamentals, computer organization, networks, computational thinking, problem solving and programming, abstract data structures, resource management, and control. This course includes an academic study of these topics as well as hands on programming experiences with an emphasis on experimental and inquiry-based approach to problem-solving. Students will also study one additional topic chosen by the teacher from a set of options in the IB curriculum. IB credit will be awarded at the conclusion of Year 2.

M811 Computer Science HL-B IB
Grade 12 - Year – 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 5.0 )
(Year 2 of a Two-Year Course)
Prerequisite: M810
The second year of Computer Science HL expands on the topics covered in Computer Science HL-A IB. In addition students will demonstrate mastery of these topics by using the IB Computer Science case study that is released annually. Through a series of labs students will further develop their programming skills. This course can be used to meet the science (Group 4) requirement of the IB Diploma. Students will take the IB examination in May which covers topics from Year 1 and Year 2.

M812 Mathematical Application and Interpretation HL-A IB
Grade 11 - Year - 1 Weighted credit (weighted out of 5.0)
(Year 1 of a Two-Year Course)
Prerequisite: Precalculus
Mathematical Application and Interpretation HL is a two-year course including all content of Mathematical Application and Interpretation SL. Students delve deeper into each of the five broad topic areas, most notably in the areas of probability and statistics and calculus. The course is a demanding one and is designed for students who enjoy mathematical problem solving and generalization in an applied and practical context. It is aimed at students who will go on to study subjects with substantial mathematics content in the areas of social or natural sciences.

M813 Mathematical Application and Interpretation HL-B IB
Grade 12 – Year – 1 Weighted credit (weighted out of 5.0)
(Year 2 of a Two-Year Course)
Prerequisite: M812
This course is a continuation of Mathematical Application and Interpretation HL-A IB. Students continue their exploration in the five course domains. In addition, students complete an internal assessment consisting of a written work involving an individual exploration in an area of mathematics.

MS101 Navy JROTC I

Grade 9 - Year - 1 Credit
The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the precepts of citizenship, the elements of leadership, and the value of scholarship in attaining life goals. This course is designed to engender a sound appreciation for the heritage and traditions of America, with recognition that the historically significant role of sea power will be important in America’s future, and develop in each cadet a growing sense of pride in his/ her organization, associates, and self. These elements are pursued at the fundamental level.

MS102 Navy JROTC II
Grade 10 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Navy JROTC I
The purpose of this course is to build on the general introduction provided in Navy JROTC I, to further develop the traits of citizenship and leadership in students, introduce cadets to the technical areas of naval science study, and engender a deeper awareness of the vital importance of world oceans to the continued well-being of the United States. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS103 Navy JROTC III
Grade 11 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Navy JROTC II
This course introduces cadets to subjects such as National and Strategic Maritime Policy, Military Law, and Leadership studies. Additionally, this course provides cadets with leadership responsibilities through the use of the leadership laboratory. Cadets will fully explore the challenges of leadership in the same manner as Petty Officers serving in the United States Navy. The curriculum is divided into three distinct areas – Academics, Military/Leadership, and Physical Fitness. Cadets receive a grade in each of the areas and must pass each of the areas to successfully complete the course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS104 Navy JROTC IV
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Navy JROTC III
This course is primarily a leadership laboratory and provides senior cadets the opportunity to lead junior cadets in all aspects except academics. Additionally, this course provides cadets the opportunity to fully explore the challenges of leadership in the same manner as Junior Officers serving in the United States Navy. The curriculum is divided into three distinct areas — Academics, Military/Leadership, and Physical Fitness. Cadets receive a grade in each of the areas and must pass each of the areas to successfully complete the course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS105 Navy JROTC III ADV*
Grade 11 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: Navy JROTC II, required readings, leadership positions, and team membership This course introduces cadets to subjects such as National and Strategic Maritime Policy, Military Law, and Leadership studies. Additionally, this course provides cadets with leadership responsibilities through the use of the leadership laboratory. Cadets will fully explore the challenges of leadership in the same manner as Petty Officers serving in the United States Navy. The curriculum is divided into three distinct areas – Academics, Military/Leadership, and Physical Fitness. Cadets receive a grade in each of the areas and must pass each of the areas to successfully complete the course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS106 Navy JROTC IV ADV*
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: Navy JROTC III, required readings, leadership positions, and team membership
This course is primarily a leadership laboratory and provides senior cadets the opportunity to lead junior cadets in all aspects except academics. Additionally, this course provides cadets the opportunity to fully explore the challenges of leadership in the same manner as Junior Officers serving in the United States Navy. The curriculum is divided into three distinct areas —Academics, Military/Leadership, and Physical Fitness. Cadets receive a grade in each of the areas and must pass each of the areas to successfully complete the course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS201 Air Force JROTC I

Grade 9 - Year - 1 Credit
The first-year course is about aviation history, focusing on the development of flight throughout the centuries. It starts with ancient civilizations, then progresses through time to modern days. It emphasizes civilian and military contributions to aviation, the development and modernization of the United States Air Force, and a brief history of astronomy and space exploration. In addition, students learn about customs and courtesies of the U.S. Air Force and receive an introduction to the AF JROTC program.

MS202 Air Force JROTC II
Grade 10 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Air Force JROTC I
The second-year course is designed to acquaint the student with the aerospace environment, the human requirements of flight, principles of aircraft flight, and principles of navigation. The course begins with a discussion of the atmosphere and weather to develop student understanding of the environment and how that environment affects flight. Discussions include the forces of lift, drag, thrust, and weight. Communications skills also are taught during the leadership education portion of the course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS203 Air Force JROTC III
Grade 11 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Air Force JROTC II
The third course in the series provides an overview of astronomy from prehistoric times through today’s exploration of our planets. Formation of the Earth and planets, asteroids, comets, and the sun are examined. The Earth’s seasons and the moon’s motions and influence on the tides are explained. In addition to learning about our own solar system, the course covers elements of manned spaceflight including the space shuttle, international space station, and latest advances in space technology. Life skills including managing personal finances are taught in the leadership education portion of this course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS204 Air Force JROTC IV
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Air Force JROTC III
The fourth year is a multidisciplinary course that introduces students to various regions of the world from a geographic, historical, and cultural perspective. The course provides increased international awareness and insight into foreign affairs of other cultures and enhanced knowledge of America’s interests and role in the world. Geopolitical issues such as economics, politics, military issues, religion, environmental concerns, human rights, disease, overpopulation, literacy, the migration of peoples, and other cultural issues will be examined. The regional areas included in this course are Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Management and leadership skills are taught during the leadership education portion of this course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS205 Air Force JROTC III ADV*
Grade 11 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: Air Force JROTC II, required readings, leadership positions, and team membership
The third course in the series provides an overview of astronomy from prehistoric times through today’s exploration of our planets. Formation of the Earth and planets, asteroids, comets, and the sun are examined. The Earth’s seasons and the moon’s motions and influence on the tides are explained. In addition to learning about our own solar system, the course covers elements of manned spaceflight including the space shuttle, international space station, and latest advances in space technology. Life skills including managing personal finances are taught in the leadership education portion of this course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

MS206 Air Force JROTC IV ADV*
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: Air Force JROTC III, required readings, leadership positions, and team membership
The fourth year is a multidisciplinary course that introduces students to various regions of the world from a geographic, historical, and cultural perspective. The course provides increased international awareness and insight into foreign affairs of other cultures and enhanced knowledge of America’s interests and role in the world. Geopolitical issues such as economics, politics, military issues, religion, environmental concerns, human rights, disease, overpopulation, literacy, the migration of peoples, and other cultural issues will be examined. The regional areas included in this course are Europe, the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Management and leadership skills are taught during the leadership education portion of this course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery Examination (9226) industry certification.

P651 Health and Physical Education
Grade 9 - Year - 1 Credit
Students transition from modified versions of movement forms to more complex applications across all types of physical activities. This may include outdoor pursuits, fitness activities, individual performance activities, and games and sports (net/wall, striking/fielding, and goal/target). Students demonstrate the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to plan for and improve components of fitness and achieve and maintain a health-enhancing level of personal fitness. In health, students integrate a variety of health concepts, skills, and behaviors to plan for their personal, lifelong health goals. Health learning outcomes include topics on body systems, nutrition, physical health, disease prevention, substance misuse prevention, safety and injury prevention, mental wellness, violence prevention, community and environmental health, and family life.

P660 (Health) P667 (PE) Health and Physical Education
Grade 10 - Year - 1 Credit
Students will become proficient in fundamental movement skills and skill combinations and are competent in self-selected physical activities that they are likely to pursue throughout life including outdoor pursuits, fitness activities, selected individual performance activities, and net/wall and target games. Students demonstrate competency in lifelong physical activities and plan, implement, self-assess, and modify a personal fitness plan. Health learning outcomes include topics on body systems, nutrition, physical health, disease prevention, substance misuse prevention, safety and injury prevention, mental wellness, violence prevention, community and environmental health, and family life.

P670 Driver Education
Semester - Non-credit
Driver education is taught as part of Health and Physical Education 10. The program consists of thirty-six (36) periods of classroom instruction and fourteen (14) periods of in-car instruction including seven (7) periods of observation time. Students will use driving simulation systems in classroom instruction. A fee is required for the in-car instruction component of driver education; please refer to Parent-Student Handbook for fee list.

P680 Personal Fitness I
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Successful completion of Health and Physical Education Grades 9 and 10
Personal Fitness is an elective physical education course that focuses on fitness, strength training, physical conditioning and lifetime health concepts, activities and knowledge to promote health and wellness. This course is structured to develop individualized knowledge of weight training and physical conditioning for the beginning student and the advanced student. The course requires mastery of training principles and thorough understanding of fitness center safety rules prior to participation in weight room laboratory experiences.

P681 Personal Fitness II
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Personal Fitness I
This is an extension of the Personal Fitness I course with students refining and improving their conditioning. Students will gain the necessary information and skills to plan and implement a personal fitness and conditioning program that includes skill- and health-related fitness components to achieve and maintain a health-enhancing level of physical fitness for a lifetime.

PA01 Computer Information Systems
Grades 9, 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students apply problem-solving skills to real-life situations through word processing, spreadsheets, databases, multimedia presentation, and integrated software activities. Students work individually and in groups to explore computer concepts, operating systems, networks, telecommunications, and emerging technologies. Students in this course may be eligible for the Microsoft Academy industry certification.

PA01INT Computer Information Systems Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA01INT will take Computer Information Systems (PA01) during one of their course blocks and will have an additional block designated as Computer Information Systems Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit. 

PA02 Computer Network Software Operations
Grades 11 and 12 – Year – 1 Credit
Prerequisite: PA01
Computer Network Software Operations is designed to teach many aspects of computer support and network administration. Students learn networking concepts from usage to components and create peer-to-peer network systems and client server networks. Students install and configure network cards and connect them to networks. Students learn how to install the operating systems, set up and manage accounts, load software, and establish and implement security plans. This course may cover software-based network operating systems, such as Windows Server or Linux.

PA18 Marketing Exploration
Grades 9 and 10 - Year - 1 Credit
Students will explore the world of marketing to understand its importance in today’s society. Students will develop skills related to interpersonal communication, self-presentation, economics, marketing, sales, employability, career discovery, promotion, and ethical decision-making, all essential skills in any career.

PA20 Technical Drawing and Design
Grades 9, 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Technical Drawing and Design (TDD) is the first course in the drafting program. During the year students will develop skills and techniques used in the drafting industry. Such skills include hand drafting practices of lettering, line work, and measuring skills. Approximately 50% of the time will be spent learning Computer-Aided-Drafting (CAD) skills, which is becoming the industry standard. This is the practice of using a computer and software to produce a drawing which is “plotted-out” to produce a hard copy drawing. Both practices require visualization of objects in two and three dimensions. This is an excellent class for students planning a career in architecture, engineering, or drafting. The class requires a great deal of precise and detailed work, along with a knowledge of basic math.

PA21 Architectural Drawing
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Technical Drawing and Design 
Architectural Drawing is an advanced drafting class based on residential design and construction. Each student designs a home, based on a study of proper design and construction practices. This serves as the basis for drawing a complete and detailed set of house plans. A properly drawn set of plans could be used in constructing the house. Students are also required to complete a scale model of the house with landscaping. All drawings are larger and more complex than those in TDD and require students to display greater skill and independent thought than in TDD. A large portion of the work will be done on the CAD system. This class would be helpful for students planning a career in architecture, home construction, or related drafting. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for Autodesk Revit Architecture Certified User Examination: Autodesk 9022.

PA21INT Architectural Drawing Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Technical Drawing and Design 
Students registered for PA21INT will take Architectural Drawing (PA21) and will have an additional block designated as Architectural Drawing Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA22 Engineering Drawing and Design
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Technical Drawing and Design
Engineering Drawing is an advanced drafting class that emphasizes the use of drafting in engineering and manufacturing. Projects are of larger scale and greater complexity than in basic technical drawing. Students are expected to display a greater skill and knowledge than in TDD. Model construction related to the drawing projects will also be used in the class. Projects may include toy design, bridge design and construction and industrial illustration. There will also be an outside-of-class project. Students will do a large portion of the work on the Computer-Aided-Drafting (CAD) system. This class will be useful in developing skills for students planning a career in engineering or extensive use of drafting. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for Autodesk Inventor Certified User: Autodesk 9348.

PA22INT Engineering Drawing and Design Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Technical Drawing and Design
Students registered for PA22INT will take Engineering Drawing and Design (PA22) and will have an additional block designated as Engineering Drawing and Design Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA23 Drawing & Design ADV
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: PA21 Architectural Drawing OR PA22 Engineering Drawing
This course requires an understanding of drafting and AutoCAD software. Students develop the ability to create three-dimensional drawings to illustrate the relationship of mechanical components or to provide a realistic view of all parts of a structure. Students will be introduced to the three-dimensional capabilities of AutoCAD and other software modeling software. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Autodesk and Certiport: Autodesk Inventor Certified User (9348) industry certification.

PA23INT Drawing & Design ADV Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit
Students registered for PA23INT will take Drawing & Design ADV(PA23) and will have an additional block designated as Drawing & Design ADV Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA38 Virginia Teachers for Tomorrow I*

Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit
Virginia Teachers for Tomorrow (VTfT) fosters student interest, understanding, and appreciation of the teaching profession, and allows secondary students to explore careers in education. Students build a foundation for teaching; learn the history, structure and governance of teaching; apply professional teaching techniques in the VTfT classroom and field experience; and reflect on their teaching experiences. Additional educational leadership opportunities are offered through the student organization, Educators Rising.

PA40 Education for Employment
Grades 9, 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students enrolled in this course should meet the state requirements for participation in EFE. The course provides these students an opportunity to explore the world of work as well as prepare for successful employment. This course may also prepare students to enroll in another technical education program or to enter into employment with the school’s transition specialist. Instruction includes developing values important for employment, occupational preparation, human relations, independent living, and career exploration. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination (9303) industry certification.

PA40INT Education for Employment Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA40INT will take Education for Employment (PA40) and will have an additional block designated as Education for Employment Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA41 Education for Employment
Grades 9, 10, 11 and 12 - Semester - 1/2 Credit
Students enrolled in this course should meet the state requirements for participation in EFE. The course provides these students an opportunity to explore the world of work as well as prepare for successful employment. This course may also prepare students to enroll in another technical education program or to enter into employment with the school’s transition specialist. Instruction includes developing values important for employment, occupational preparation, human relations, independent living, and career exploration. NOTE: Students choosing the semester option (PA41) must pair the course with another semester course. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination (9303) industry certification.

PA41INT Education for Employment Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Semester - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA41INT will take Education for Employment (PA41) and will have an additional block designated as Education for Employment Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA42 Virginia Teachers for Tomorrow II*
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Weighted Credit (weighted out of 4.5)
Prerequisite: Virginia Teachers for Tomorrow I
Students continue to explore careers in the Education and Training Cluster and pathways. This course provides the opportunity for students to prepare for careers in education as they research post-secondary options, learn about the process of teacher certification in Virginia, and participate in a practicum experience. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the ParaPro Assessment (9245) industry certification.

PA43 Jobs for Virginia Graduates
Grades 11 and 12 – Year – 1 Credit
Jobs for Virginia Graduates (JVG) provides students with the tools to develop core skills that encourage independent, responsible, and productive living. The JVG curriculum addresses thirty-seven competencies in career development, job attainment, and job survival, as well as basic competencies in written and verbal communications and mathematical calculations. The program promotes the Career Association, a student-led organization designed to aid students in leadership development, organizational skills development, team building, and demonstrating the ability to accomplish a set of goals. In a twelve-month follow-up upon graduation, the job specialist assists the student participants in successful job placements, military appointments, or further educational opportunities. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination (9303) industry certification.

PA46 Marketing

Grades 10, 11, and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Marketing Exploration (previously Principles of Business and Marketing)
This course introduces the various skills required for job entry and success in marketing related occupations. Topics in the class include selling, advertising, visual merchandising, stock keeping, marketing, mathematics, and product/service technology. Students may participate in marketing cooperative education. Students in this course may be eligible for the NRF Customer Service Assessment National Retail Federation Foundation (9122) industry certification.

PA46INT Marketing Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA46INT will take Marketing (PA46) and will have an additional block designated as Marketing Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.  

PA49 Sports and Entertainment Marketing
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Marketing Exploration
This course introduces students to the business and marketing principles associated with the Sports and Entertainment Industry. Students will develop skills in the areas of marketing analysis, event marketing, and sponsorship, communication, pricing, and financial analysis, human relations, and the social impact the Sports and Entertainment Industry has on society and international relations. Students in this course may be eligible for the NRF Customer Service Assessment National Retail Federation Foundation (9122) industry certification.

PA49INT Sports and Entertainment Marketing Internship 
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA49INT will take Sports and Entertainment Marketing Management (PA49) and will have an additional block designated as Sports and Entertainment Marketing Management Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit. 

PA51 Digital and Social Media Marketing
Grades 10, 11, and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Marketing Exploration
Students in this class will be introduced to the principles, strategies, tools, and tactics related to consumers, branding, advertising, and promotions. Students explore how success is measured in a digital and social media marketing campaign. This course emphasizes ethics, laws, and security. Students also investigate business and marketing plans, as well as careers in digital and social media marketing. Students in this course may be eligible for the NRF Customer Service Assessment National Retail Federation Foundation (9122) industry certification.

PA51INT Digital and Social Media Marketing Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA51INT will take Digital and Social Media Marketing (PA51) and will have an additional block designated as Digital and Social Media Marketing Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA52 Fashion Marketing
Grades 10, 11, and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Marketing Exploration
Students in this class will be introduced to the exciting and ever-changing world of fashion. Students will gain knowledge of marketing as it relates to the fashion industry and the product development process. From retail establishments to e-commerce and social media marketing, students will explore trends, technology, branding, visual merchandising, the nature and history of fashion and fashion designers, and the global impact of the fashion industry on the economy. Students in this course may be eligible for the NRF Customer Service Assessment National Retail Federation Foundation (9122) industry certification.

PA52INT Fashion Marketing Internship
Grades 11 or 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA52INT will take Fashion Marketing (PA52) and will have an additional block designated as Fashion Marketing Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA60 Agricultural Fabrications and Emerging Technologies
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Introduction to Agricultural Power, Structural and Technical Systems 
Students will receive instruction in metal fabrication, including cutting, welding, and cold metalworking processes, for agricultural applications. The course will also include the investigation of emerging technologies used within the field of agriculture. Leadership and career skills will be incorporated throughout.   Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the National Career Readiness Assessment (9341) industry certification.

PA60INT Agricultural Fabrications and Emerging Technologies Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA60INT will take Agricultural Fabrications and Emerging Technologies (PA60) and will have an additional block designated as Agricultural Fabrications and Emerging Technologies Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an Internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit. 

PA65 Introduction to Agricultural Power, Structural and Technical Systems
Grades 9, 10 and 11 - Year - 1 Credit
This introductory course prepares students for careers in agricultural mechanics, fabrication, and construction. Students receive hands-on experience with the operation, maintenance, and repair of agricultural equipment. Other experiences will include the use of tools and equipment for agricultural structures, electricity, welding, and carpentry.

PA66 Agricultural Power Systems
Grades 10, 11, and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Introduction to Agricultural Power, Structural and Technical Systems
Agricultural Power Systems prepares students for careers in agricultural machinery service. Areas of focus include engines, powertrains, and hydraulic, electrical, and fuel systems. Precision measurement, leadership, and career skills will be emphasized.  Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Small Engine Technology Assessment (4168) industry certification.

PA66INT Agricultural Power Systems Internship
Grades 11, and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA66INT will take Agricultural Power Systems (PA66) and will have an additional block designated as Agricultural Power Systems Internship, if approved.  Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.  

PA68 Turfgrass Establishment and Maintenance
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Horticultural Science or Introduction to Agriculture Power, Structural and Technical Systems
Students begin to master the duties and tasks of professionals who establish and maintain turf in public areas such as golf courses; parks; athletic fields; school, industrial, and institutional campuses; and residential lawns. Participation in FFA Career Development Events (CDEs), Leadership Development Events (LDEs), and Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAEs) is strongly encouraged. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Private Applicator Examination (9248) industry certification.

PA68INT Turfgrass Establishment and Maintenance Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA68INT will take Turfgrass Establishment and Maintenance (PA68) and will have an additional block designated as Turfgrass Establishment and Maintenance Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit. 

PA69 Turfgrass Applications ADV*
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Turfgrass Establishment and Maintenance
This course expands the skills learned in Turfgrass Establishment and Maintenance. Management skills required for careers in the turfgrass industry are emphasized. Course content includes turfgrass related careers, irrigation principles, pest control, environmental issues, business management, and turf related facility design. Classroom instruction includes leadership skills and FFA activities.  Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Private Applicator Examination (9248) industry certification.

PA69INT Turfgrass Applications Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA69INT will take Turfgrass Applications ADV (PA69) and will have an additional block designated as Turfgrass Applications ADV Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an Internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA69J Turfgrass Applications ADV (Dual Enrollment RCC HRT 269 and HRT 295)
Semester - ½ Weighted Credit
Prerequisite: Turfgrass Establishment and Maintenance
This course expands the skills learned in Turfgrass Establishment and Maintenance. Management skills required for careers in the turfgrass industry are emphasized. Course content includes turfgrass related careers, irrigation principles, pest control, environmental issues, business management, and turf related facility design. Classroom instruction includes leadership skills and FFA activities.

PA70 Horticultural Science
Grades 9, 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
This course prepares students for postsecondary educational career programs and entry-level positions in the horticulture industry. Instruction includes safety in the horticulture industry, the science of horticulture and nursery plant production, greenhouse operation and management, landscape design, and turf management. Through hands-on activities, students will identify and manage plant-growing substrates and propagate and grow horticultural plants in the greenhouse and land laboratory. Participation in FFA Career Development Events (CDEs), Leadership Development Events (LDEs), and Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAEs) is strongly encouraged.

PA71 Landscaping 1
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Landscaping offers skilled workers satisfying career opportunities in varying working environments. The expanding and ever-evolving green industry requires skilled workers for high-demand occupations offering educational and leadership opportunities. This course focuses on preparing students for entry-level employment, postsecondary opportunities, and advancement in the landscape design, construction, and maintenance industries. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Private Applicator Examination (9248) industry certification.

PA71INT Landscaping 1 Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA71INT will take Landscaping I (PA71) and will have an additional block designated as Landscaping I Internship, if approved.  Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative and career counselor prior to any student beginning an Internship.  Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year.  If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.  

PA72 Greenhouse Plant Production and Management
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Horticultural Science
This course prepares students for postsecondary educational career programs and entry-level positions in the greenhouse plant production and management industry. Instruction includes industry safety in greenhouse plant production, development of plant production facilities, greenhouse management and operations, plant identification, the science of plant production, business management, and marketing skills. Participation in FFA Career Development Events (CDEs), Leadership Development Events (LDEs), and Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAEs) is strongly encouraged.  Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Virginia Flower Growers Association Greenhouse Operators (9073) industry certification.

PA72INT Greenhouse Plant Production and Management Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA72INT will take Greenhouse Plant Production (PA72) and will have an additional block designated as Greenhouse Plant Production and Management Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit. 

PA73 Floriculture
Grades 10, 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Horticultural Science
This course prepares students for postsecondary educational career programs and entry-level positions in the floriculture, horticulture, and floral design industries. Instruction includes industry safety in floriculture, the science of floriculture and nursery plant production, plant material identification, floral design basics, marketing, and business management. Participation in FFA Career Development Events (CDEs), Leadership Development Events (LDEs), and Supervised Agricultural Experiences (SAEs) is strongly encouraged.  Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services Private Applicator Examination (9248) industry certification.

PA73INT Floriculture Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA73INT will take Floriculture (PA73) and will have an additional block designated as Floriculture Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA75 - Student Instructional Technology Support Internship
Grades 10, 11, and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Student Technology Support Internship is an elective course in which enrolled students provide both hardware and software support to students and staff. Areas of focus include developing proficiency in software applications and hardware management. This content is applied and assessed as students troubleshoot and solve technical issues and produce training content for teachers and students. Students will also have the option to earn their G Suite Certification, a certification awarded the Seal of Alignment from the International Society for Technical Education.

PA76 Profile of a Hanover Graduate (PHG) Capstone Seminar
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students will synthesize their roles as empowered learners, globally-engaged communicators, resilient individuals, and responsible citizens through mentorship, service learning, and leadership curriculum. Students will investigate and refine future goals and career pathways through job shadowing and mentorship within their field(s) of interest, collaboratively plan, implement and evaluate school and community service learning projects, and engage in a curriculum that fosters effective leadership skills, analysis of personal strengths and weaknesses and the development of a personal leadership style.

PA76INT Profile of a Hanover Graduate (PHG) Capstone Seminar Internship
Grade 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Students registered for PA76INT will take Profile of a Hanover Graduate (PHG) Capstone Seminar (PA76) during one of their course blocks and will have an additional block designated as Profile of a Hanover Graduate (PHG) Capstone Seminar Internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an internship.  Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.

PA78 Internship 
Grade 11 or 12 - Year - 1 Credit 
Students have the opportunity to take part in an internship experience with a local business and can earn course credit as part of the experience. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, career counselor, and Work-based Learning Coordinator prior to any student beginning an internship.  Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit. 

PA80 Introduction to Animal Systems
Grades 10 and 11 - Year - 1 Credit
Students develop competency in each of the major areas of the animal systems career pathway including animal nutrition, reproduction, breeding, care, management, and safety. Students also learn agricultural mechanics skills applicable to animal systems.

PA81 Livestock Production Management
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Introduction to Animal Systems
Course includes instruction in agricultural mechanics, with emphasis placed on the application of mechanical skills to farm power and machinery, as well as on soil and water management, supervised farming programs, and leadership training. Students enrolled in this course may be eligible for the National Career Readiness Assessment (9341) industry certification.

PA81INT Livestock Production Management Internship
Grades 11 and 12 - Year - 1 Credit
Prerequisite: Introduction to Animal Systems
Students registered for PA81INT will take Livestock Production Management (PA81) during one of their course blocks and will have an additional block designated as Livestock Production Management internship, if approved. Documentation must be submitted and approved by the student, parent, teacher, business representative, and career counselor prior to any student beginning an Internship. Students may earn one standard unit of credit toward graduation for internships of at least a 280-hour duration and by working continuously throughout the school year. If a student does not complete 280 hours, the student will not earn credit.